Therefore, the quality of the workpiece is directly determined. The grinding force causes deformation and vibration of the grinding process system, and grinding is the final process in most cases. Grinding heat causes thermal deformation of process system, both of which affect grinding precision. Grinding surface quality including surface roughness, corrugability, residual stress of surface material and thermal damage (metallographic structure changes, burns, cracks) the main factors affecting surface roughness are grinding amount, grinding tool characteristics, grinding wheel surface state (also known as grinding wheel topography) cutting fluid, workpiece material and machine tool conditions. The main reason for the appearance of corrugation is the vibration of the process system. Due to grinding heat and plastic deformation, residual stress will occur on the grinding surface. The residual compressive stress can improve the fatigue strength and life of the workpiece. The residual tensile stress will reduce the fatigue strength, and when the residual tensile stress exceeds the strength limit of the data, grinding cracks will appear. The metal strengthening caused by plastic deformation during grinding makes the surface metal microhardness increase obviously, but it also weakens the strengthened metal due to the influence of grinding heat. For example, if the grinding wheel is passivated or the cutting fluid is insufficient, there will be a tempering softening area within a certain depth of the grinding surface, which reduces the appearance quality, and at the same time, there are obvious brown or black markings on the appearance, which is called grinding burn.